Harmful Effects and Implications of Accent Discrimination

Harmful effects and implications of accent discrimination Harmful effects on ESL learners As concluded by Munro (2003), accent discrimination has played a negative effect on many situations. Some of the most common cases include discrimination in hiring process, in employment, and even resulting in harassments. As a harmful result, second language users are facing negative forces that may cause them to question beyond the issue. One example is these learners start questioning their own characteristics.Aspects such as skin color, dress, and other behaviors fall into the category, and soon, these second language users will show decrease in self-esteem, questioning if the issue is more than just accent. When this happens, most people with low confidence and unwilling to confront issues, will chose to avoid situation that requires oral communications, resulting the stage of avoiding contact with native speakers. The second stage starts when these low self-esteem learners seek companion.A nd because their lack of effort in talking with their ESL teachers, it is more likely that they find people with similar situations. These second language learners, who have experienced accent discrimination, will form a self-protective group. Inside this group, they are free to communicate in their first language and regain self-confidence. Unfortunately, as a result, they begin losing interest in improving their English and focus their social lives within the group. This can be summarized as lose of motivation.If no one interferes with this group of people, sooner or later, the group of people will start to feel isolated and disconnected with the native Canadians, leaving the accent discrimination issue unsolved, and even causing reversed effects, such as hostility and more discrimination towards the nation. This is the end of the cycle where people lose faith in believing Canada is an equal opportunity country that welcomes diversified culture. As we can see, the issue has turned from an accent level into a national prejudice level.Implication Despite some people are experiencing the process described above, more and more people with accent issues are taking their steps to reduce the problem. To speak with a more accurate and understandable language, many learners are investing both their time and money so they might have a better future. Over the past few years, enrollment in classes that help reduce accent has increased significantly (Gorman, 2007). In some situations, poor second language speakers are being placed responsible for their oral English ability.In the US, it is consider that graduate teaching assistants must achieve a certain level of proficiency in spoken English, as this is a developing policy by the Institutions of higher education (Thomas, 1993). For some institutions, teaching assistants with low oral English teaching skills are required to first successfully complete courses in English before they can serve as a teaching assistant. Acco rding to Statistic Canada, it is predicted that a steady increase in the number of immigrants to this country will occur throughout the decade. By 2006 there are over 1. 4 million Chinese in Canada (Stat. ca, 2006). The size is projected to double within 20 years. As Canada becomes a globalized country with increasingly multicultural exposure, the notion of an â€Å"accent† may change and increase in types. As a nation, only by becoming increasingly skilled in our ability to understand English spoken with various accents and be warm in attitudes toward all accents, can we live up to the reputation of welcoming diversity. Communication is a two-way process. Both the speaker and the listener have a responsibility for the act of communication.While different or foreign accents can sometimes interfere with the listener's ability to understand the message, accents can conjure up negative evaluations of the speaker, reducing the listener's willingness to accept their responsibility in the communication process. Sometimes, it becomes easy to say, â€Å"I simply can't understand you,† placing full responsibility for the communication process on the speaker. We all have standards and preferences about the spoken language; and certain accents can take more effort to understand.It is to be hoped, though, that we can make an effort to hear the content of the message and look beyond the stereotypes associated with the way the message is being spoken. Friedman (2004) suggests several steps for ESL teachers when working with someone who is difficult to understand. First, don't pretend to understand. Ask the person to slow down a bit because you are having difficulty understanding them. Second, don't rush. Slow down yourself. Third, resist the temptation to shout. The speaker is not hard of hearing. Fourth, avoid being rude. Ask for help from others if you need it.As a global citizen, we interact with newcomers to the communities, with businesspersons from aroun d the globe, and with individuals and families who are at various stages in the process of developing Standard English speaking skills. I believe respect for diversity can be extended over language and speech. Modeling supportive behavior ourselves is an important step. Further, we can encourage others to confront the stereotypes and prejudices that are often associated with specific speech patterns. ————————————————- Bibliography Friedman, N. (2004).How to handle foreign accent. Networking Today. Retrieved Nov 3, 2012, from: http://www. networkingtoday. ca/articles/foreignaccent. htm Gorman, A. (2007). Accenting the ‘American' in their speech. Los Angeles Times, Retrieved Nov 3, 2012, from: http://mobile. latimes. com/detail. jsp? key=57283&rc=null&p=1 Munro, M. (2003). A primer on accent discrimination in the Canadian context. TESL Canada Journal, v20, n2, p38-51 Thomas, C. F. , & Monoson, P. K. (1993). Oral English language proficiency of ITA's: Policy, implementation, and contributing factors. Innovative Higher Education, 17 (3), 195-209.

Tom from Canada vs Hoshi from Japan

Culture affects every aspect of a human life. It is also very important while making a managerial decision. The case presented in chapter 5 proves that being born in the Western or Japanese culture determines a lot our attitude to decision-making with all its consequences. According to the information included in the case, Tom is a Canadian manager, who makes decision on his own, without consulting in with his team. He presents very individualistic attitude. It is completely different as far as we consider Hoshi’s way of making decisions.He, on the other hand, spent a lot of time convincing people working with him to agree to the new inventory-control system. Hoshi is a collectivist-manager. Another significant difference between the two managers is that Tom was task-oriented and counted for a quick and positive result of his decision, for an achievement and maybe a promotion, without taking into consideration implications that it might have on his employees. Unlike the Canadi an manager, Hoshi paid more attention to the fact how his co-workers will get used to working with the new system.Joint decision making in the Japanese subsidiary had a severe implications for the performance. Unfortunately, it also turned out that just informing subordinates is not effective either. Each of the managers driven by attitudes characteristic of their cultural scripts and they did what they thought was the best for their subsidiaries. However, what would work best is a mix of these two. Tom and Hoshi would get better results if their had found a middle solution before making the final decision and introducing the new system.Tom should not have done the task rush. After being informed, employees were surprised and not really convinced about the idea. This fact should have already attract the manager’s attention so that he hires a coach just in the beginning. If the Tom’s behaviour was any more collectivist, perhaps he would not trust only his own knowledge but would also ask other competent people of his subsidiary on their opinion. Furthermore, Tom did not care enough about his team, he did not really notice the moment just before key employees handed in their resignations.As a result, as being too sure of the fact that what he does is right, he could not react properly while it was essential. Rational decision-making cannot be successful as long as we do not include the indispensable human factor. In my opinion, Hoshi’s biggest mistake was waiting for the consensus. It is obvious that the Japanese culture is much more collectivist that the Western one, nevertheless the role of the manager should always be the same – taking care of his/her subordinates on one hand and making final decisions in the right time on the other.Having consensus as a priority, Hoshi forgot about the task to do and he did not realize when the change was really important for the further operating of the subsidiary. He should have been the person, who despite discussion and egalitarism, regarding people’s and company’s needs do his job. Moreover, he should have also met Mr. Bortolo expectations, it means introducing the system in the reasonable time. The CEO of the company understood characteristics and culture differences and gave the managers choice.But it seems to me that Hoshi overstrained the possibility given and it led him to a failure. To sum up, both managers made some mistakes caused by their cultural scripts. Rush decision making as well as really slow decision making resulted in huge losses for the subsidiaries and for the company as a whole. If Tom and Hoshi exchanged their views, attitudes before and mix them, learnt something from each other, they could be both successful and satisfied with the results they could present.

A Raisin in the Sun Essay -- Character Analysis, Walter

Big Walter had lots of values for his race and worked very hard for those values to ensure happiness for his family. The American dream was a dim reality because of the harsh working conditions of Chicago blacks in the 1920’s (M’baye 175). This is how mama sees Big Walter, as a courageous man who fought all his life to secure a happy future for his family. As M’baye states, â€Å"Big Walter’s life was a constant struggle against a personal sorrow and a hostile economic and social world that discriminated against him† (175). Big Walter has the most dignity for his family and his actual dream is the happiness of his family. Mama always mentions Big Walter in the story every time Walter or Beneatha does something that she thinks is wrong. Mama says that Big Walter hated domestic jobs and that farming and sick people—then go be a nurse like other women—or just get married and be quiet† (Hansberry 38). The value of every dream is crucial to every member of the Younger family because of the effect it has them, but it is the family dream to own a house that hold them together. At the end of the story, Mama convinced Walter that buying the house was important for the family because the thought of living in the apartment for the rest of their lives was unbearable. Big Walter had to fight and was struggling to achieve his dream of buying a house, which ended up becoming the families dream. Walter’s dream interfered with Beneatha’s dream, and the families dream. This had a major impact on everyone’s life, especially after Walter lost the money. In the end, the Younger family was all happy about Walter’s decision. That is the Younger family American dream.

Performance and Reward Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance and Reward Management - Assignment Example ure individual, group and organizational goals are understood, focused on main objectives of that organization and are connected to the drivers of results. In other words, drive the results is the desire of the employees to meet and exceed the organizational objectives and targets and to improve one’s own performance.  It is about wanting to improve the performance and calculating risk taking in the interest of improving the entire organizational performance. To engage and retain talented employees, the organization should provide them with the professional development. This can be done through motivational and reward strategies, challenging tasks and other learning initiatives that bring the career achievement and thus job satisfaction. Whether the performance management process is inconsistent, managers within certain organization should realize that lack of personal and professional development of employees will lead to the reduction of their productivity. This growing talent, as the other purpose of performance management, is essential for the organizations to succeed in their activities. To achieve data on the performance of an employee, one should track the staff’s activities against business objectives and reward one’s activities or improve the performance. It is also important to identify promising talent within certain organization and ensure right people are promoted to the appropriate positions, as it will stimulate others to achieve better results and for the organization it means better image and lower employee turnover. In order to ensure the performance management process to be effective, managers should assimilate the process and then apply it properly. For this purpose it is vital to realize in what direction one should move and thus to develop a strategic plan in the performance management process. The effective organizational plan will be composed when measurable goals are established. They will align to the organizational strategic and

Ethanol Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethanol Summary - Essay Example In addition to DOE's efforts to reduce carbon emissions, one approach of the Office of Fossil Energy is to work on sequestering greenhouse gases that "might one day virtually eliminate concerns over emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil energy systems. Carbon capture and sequestration systems could store, convert, or recycle greenhouse gases, preventing them from building up the atmosphere." Another initiative called Advance Energy Initiative of the agency is to empower the development in maintaining ecological balance to offer the people clean, cost-efficient, and healthy energy services. Given all the information, it does not suggest the alternative of conserving energy, because only the reduction of GHG emissions has been emphasized. However, DOE plans to reduce global warming gases based on the agency's initiative to partner with volunteers, and the strategies formed to deal with the ecological problem. Plans such as these can be a good alternative to the Kyoto Protocol because they share the same goal to reduce GHG emissions. One suggestion that I can offer the U.S.

Annotated Bibliography for Staff and Skills Essay

Annotated Bibliography for Staff and Skills - Essay Example The reasonable prices of the cars produced by the company can be attributed to the outcome of its unique technology and processes which has attracted the people of all strata of society inclusive of low, middle and high income groups. Staffs recruited by the company are mainly from the background of information and technology, particularly competent in manufacturing technology. Additionally the company also focuses on the mass of a highly competent sales and marketing team with strong visionary and assertive approach and conversant with the best practices in business (Tata Motors-a, 2012). Organizational structure, strategy, system and style Like most global organizations, Tata Motors reflects a matrix organizational structure which forms a strong integration between the domestic and overseas operations. The matrix structure integrated the businesses and functions across geographies which makes it more efficient. It not only facilitates knowledge sharing and transfers across the orga nization. For instance the present strategy of the company is to apply the learning of the global companies such as Land Rover and Jaguar to its Indian operations which is possible and greatly facilitated through its matrix structure. Also it can use its knowledge existing in the Indian operations to compete in other emerging markets. The cultural style of the organization is to develop global leadership and managers who can apply their global learning in their individual overseas or domestic operations. The company represents a system which allows information enhancing, sharing and exchanging across its different business units. This is particular crucial in the present dynamic environment in which it works and its vulnerabilities on the company (Tata Motors Ltd, 2008, p.1-4). Role of leader in the organization One of the main drivers of success of Tata Motors is its strong leadership and management body. The strong tradition of entrepreneurship and leadership provides strong busin ess direction and guidance which reaches beyond the borders of India and enters into new markets. The company helps its employees to realize their true potential through the application of effective HR practices. This is done through effective employee empowerment program providing the workforce with dynamic career paths in congruence with the long term strategies and objectives of the firm. Supervisors and managers are allowed to take their own decisions related to work activities in areas of their expertise. This not only raises their responsibility and accountability towards work but also provides them with the freedom to excel in their skills and domain of expertise. Regular in-house training and external training forms key components of their employee development programs. The leaders also work on developing team building and group activities in the organization. Rewards and compensations are designed on the performance of teams in the organization. In this regard, virtual team s are also encouraged which comprises of members belonging to different countries. Team empowerment also forms a key strategy through which knowledge and information can be shared and exchanged between members of the organization. Decision making is tried to be decentralized in order to minimize

Japanese Tea House Architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japanese Tea House Architecture - Research Paper Example One would think that, with the profound implication of the tea ceremonies, that the tea houses would be elaborate. Actually, just the opposite is true – the houses are austere, simple. The features of the houses afford a way for the guests to hide from the outside world. This is because, as the opening sentence stated, they house another world, another reality. After all, the participants in the house, noblemen, peasant, warrior alike, are all equal. This is indicative of an alternate reality. Also, the ceremonies are a way for the people to leave their real life behind, and concentrate only on the moment. The tea house thus serves the same function as the tea ceremonies themselves – they are a way, if only for a few hours, to destroy class structure and the real world. Tea ceremonies came about through the practice of Buddhist Monks who needed to stay awake during their meditations, and later became a part of Zen rituals in honor of Bodhidharma, the Zen monks first patriarch.1 From this, the tea ceremonies became a place where friends gathered to discuss certain objects and their artistic merits, such as various paintings and calligraphy, flower arrangements and the utensils used for these ceremonies. 2 The tea host himself had to be adept at certain knowledge, such as what scrolls to hang during the ceremony, and the meaning of these scrolls, which presumed knowledge of classical literature.3 He also must have been conversant about the articles that are either displayed or used in the tea ceremony: utensils, the flowers, the distinction of the burning incense, the incense burner itself, the dipping ladle, the water heater vessel and the tea container. 4 He must have known the protocol of the ceremony – greeting and conversing with guests p roperly and the manners and courtesies that must be observed. In short, the tea host, or tea master, must have been cognizant of Japanese culture, as these ceremonies

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Final - Essay Example By not delivering the coffee as stipulated in the contract, Java Distributors has made a material breach of the contract. A material breach of contract comes into effect when a party to a contract substantially and unjustifiably fails to meet their contractual obligation(s). Although Green Coffee can take Java Distributors to court, it is advisable that it pursues a different path of dispute resolution especially considering that it will have to incur a lot of expenses in legal fees and yet it will receive a little compensation in case it wins the case in a court of law. As earlier noted, Green Coffee can pursue an alternative avenue in resolving the dispute at hand, other than going to court. It may engage negotiation, arbitration, and mediation, all of which are less costly and which are known to be faster than litigation. One case in point that involved a material breach of contract is Miller v. Mills Constitutional, Inc. In this case, the district court held that Mills had breach ed the contract by failing to deliver the materials that it had agreed to deliver as stipulated in the contract. In the case of Miller versus Mills, the case rightly ended up in court considering the amount of money involved. This case is quite similar to the case involving Green Coffee and Java Distributors. By failing to deliver the coffee, Java Distributors caused Green Coffee losses. Green Coffee was not able to serve customers and therefore lost business on that day. This being the case, Green Coffee should receive compensation from Java Distributors that equals the amount the Green Coffee normally makes on a Monday, tips included. The best thing for Green Coffee to do is to invoke a dispute resolution method that is less expensive. Since Java Distributors may be unresponsive to a negotiation, the organization would best apply mediation or arbitration to resolve the dispute. If mediation as a process is chosen as a way of resting the case, both parties will have to choose a neu tral party who will suggest ways for resolving the dispute and facilitate communication. Normally, a mediator is knowledgeable in the matters of law. In some cases, mediation may lead to litigation. By opting for arbitration, the parties rely on a neutral party (the arbitrator) who is not necessarily knowledgeable in legal issues. The arbitrator listens to both parties before making a legally binding decision which can be subject to appeal at the district court. Considering the situation, Green Coffee would better go for arbitration and avoid going to court as much as possible. Part B The location of the coffee shop, the environment, the clientele, and the prices of the products on offer determine the kind of table that is suitable. If the coffee shop is located in an upmarket area in Boston visited by high class clients and serves as a place where people meet, then tables with stained glass tops are suitable for purchase. On the other hand, if the shop targets middle class and low class clients and is located in a downscale location, stainless steel tops would be suitable. Whichever the choice between the two, a contact will have to come into effect. The contract will include an offer, consideration and acceptance so as to be valid. When a stained top glass is chosen especially, a warranty should be granted so that in case of any damages, there can be a replacement. Part C The three new workers signed a written contract. However,

Theories of Movement Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories of Movement Control - Essay Example According to Schmidt and Wrisberg, there are at least two ways of conceptualizing the term 'motor skill' which can be construed as a talk or an act, where motor skills can be distinguishable along a number of aspects or on the basis of a variety of high-flying characteristics (Schmidt and Wrisberg, 2008). The second way construes to the conceptualization of motor skill in terms of the ability a person delineates while performing a movement. Utley and Astill, in their book, have stated that the motor skills can efficiently be implemented in the brain and nervous system as well and also that they can be improvised (Utley and Astill, 2008). The development in motor skills defines the field of measurement as well as movement, thereby, learning the ways to control movement as a whole. This paper delineates the contrasting nature of both the theories of motor control, i.e. the open-loop and the closed-loop theory, thereby, stating examples which demonstrate the different explanations of hu man coincidence-anticipation performance. In open loop controll... en loop system, the controller output indication is settled on by the input signal from the computer or any other non-essential device. In response to incorrect calculation of the system response, or the affect of some other occurrence in the output signal, the system might turn aside from the desired path. As a result, it is necessary for the controller to assume that each part of the system is at its absolute position and has moved there at the correct pace. No feedback is conceived from the system, which would enable the controller to weigh against the actual position to the programmed position. In such a case, it is not possible for the controller to check and correct himself. Under this kind of a system, it is feasible to incline against the designated positions and paces, and not be able to correct the difficulties. This theory is significant for well-defined systems where the relationship between input and the resultant state can be modeled by a mathematical formula. For example, determining the voltage to be supplied to an electric motor which drives a consistent load, so as to acquire a desired pace can be considered as an appreciable implementation of open-loop control system. However, on the other hand, if the load were not predictable, the motor's pace might vary as an operation of the load as well as of the voltage. As a result, the open-loop controller would not be satisfactory enough to ensure the repeatable control of the speed. To comprehend the open-loop control system, an example of a

M3A1-Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M3A1-Conflict - Essay Example The results indicate that I have a 76 percentile score in openness to new experience. In this case, it means that 76 percent of people in my comparison sample will score less than me in openness to new experience. I believe this score is accurate since I am creative and curious in trying out new ideas. I can readily challenge conventional things since I like reading challenging materials and implementing new ways of tackling problems. I am capable of thriving well in an organizational setting that requires flexibility especially during changes such as implementation of new working policies, rules and procedures (McCrae, 2002). As a conflict manager, I believe I will be more adaptable to change and build relationships in the organization in order to avoid further interpersonal conflicts (Burger, 2010). Accordingly, my open-mindedness will allow me to seek more information on the sources of conflict and offer feedback on how to handle conflict in the organization (John, Robins & Pervin , 2010). From experience, I have learned new skills of interacting with peers in discussions and handling challenges. I also handled a task conflict involving high employee turnover in the organization. ... I agree with this high score because I am well-organized and self-disciplined. I am deliberate in my actions, careful and goal oriented. I have a high need of achievement and I always strive in attaining such success in the most effective and efficient manner. I plan my work carefully and I have high regard to my work expectations. From my past experience, I have been able to succeed in several responsibilities due to proper planning and time management. As a conflict manager, I will be capable of ensuring that subordinates adhere to their tasks, work schedules and organizational beliefs in order to avoid task conflict in the organization (John, Robins & Pervin, 2010). From experience, I have handled conflicts dealing with absentees and lateness in work. I was able to guide the affected employees on how to have a sense of high achievement and plan their time properly in order to avoid lateness. From the self-assessment, I scored 93 percentile in extraversion dimension of my personali ty. This means that 93 percent of people in my comparison sample or group will score less than me in this personality dimension. I agree with the results since I am talkative, outgoing and comfortable while interacting with new people. I usually start conversations and strive to establish meaningful conversations with strangers. I usually attain personal social satisfaction while interacting with my peers. For instance, sometimes I try emphasizing certain elements of a conversation through use of wide gestures during thrilling activities like group work discussions. As a conflict manager, I believe that I will positive and active in handling conflicts concerning differences in perceptions and ineffective interpersonal relationships between subordinates (McCrae, 2002). This

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business Essay Example for Free

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business Essay As the CEO of the Cheesecake Factory Incorporated based in Philadelphia, I would like to touch base on our code of conduct which outlines many different key areas for employees and employers. However, I wanted to stress some particularly significant points to discuss and review, with all members of Cheesecake Factory Incorporated. First off, I would like to touch on part B of section 2 under YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES ‘Compliance with Laws’, particularly, our laws relating to sexual harassment, drug and alcohol abuse, diversity and nondiscrimination. Recently I was made aware of an incident involving an employee related to discrimination. Every employee of the Cheesecake Factory Incorporated, whether it be in our restaurants, Corporate Center, Bakery Production Facility and any other company facility, has the right to come to work every day and be treated fairly, and with respect. Our company will not tolerate any form of discrimination to any employee. An employee which is involved in the ‘harassment’ of another employee will be instantly terminated. To help abide by the rules, regulations, and laws of The Cheesecake Factory Incorporated, my suggestion to all employees is to re-read the most up to date Code of Conduct and Guidelines about our business and re-familiarize yourselves with the significant aspects that outline our day to day activities. Next I am touching base on part H of section 2 under YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES which is ‘Posting Messages Regarding the Company on Internet Message Boards or Chat Rooms. It has come to my attention that employees are currently posting their comments and concerns regarding the company on Facebook and Twitter either from the company’s resources, or on their own time. Quoting this section on social media, â€Å"†¦personal opinions regarding the Company, should be wary of the danger that such opinions may imply inappropriate access to and dissemination of confidential, sensitive or proprietary information. Opinions concerning the Company that are expressed should clearly ind icate that they do not reflect the opinion of the Company, its officers or management.† I understand social media is becoming a dominant force in advertising and expressing opinions, however you must be careful that your opinions do not help in destroying the company’s well known reputation. If you have a concern about the daily activities in your job, the best thing to do is approach management with your concerns and opinions in substitute of posting them on the internet. Our company values its employees and we  encourage everyone’s opinions and suggestions because we are always looking for ways to make this company better. We would like our employees to have a trusting and open communication with management and feel that they can approach management with any type of concern. On a brighter note, I would like to take this opportunity to mention some of our charities which our company has added. We are holding a charity dinner and fundraiser in the upcoming weeks. Tickets will be sold soon and all employees and family are welcome. This dinner’s proceedings will be donated to the Children’s Hospitals of Philadelphia. As you all are aware, our company hosts many charitable events and are involved in the community and we always do our part to be social ly responsible. Your donations will be much appreciated and you will learn more on this event as it becomes near. Also, in addition to our long list of charitable events, our activity committee is adding a special for senior citizens on a weekly basis where we will offer seniors a 20% discount on their lunch or dinner bill. Lastly, in accordance with our successful growth in revenue, we will donate on a quarterly basis, free lunch meals to our local hospital in the city of Philadelphia. Lastly this company could not be what it is, without its employees. You all are the foundation of this company and you all are great people. I would like to continue to have people in this company who have the desire to learn and grow. Have the trust in your management to support your opinions, treat your co-workers with respect and decency, and stay involved in the company activities and help our reputation become stronger and better. References (2002-2014). Charitble Events. Retrieved from http://www.thecheesecakefactory.com/charityLanding/charityLanding (2002-2014) Code of Ethics and Code of Business Conduct Retrieved from http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/10/109258/Code_of_ethics.pdf http://investors.thecheesecakefactory.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=109258p=irol-govconduct

Long-Range Goals Essay Example for Free

Long-Range Goals Essay Every one of us builds dreams and creates goals of our own. And those goals and aspirations are frequently rooted on our desires, wants and wishes, which depend on our personal experiences and current situations in life. My long-range personal goals revolve on three vital things: academics, professional and financial matters. Academic goals focus on my desire to graduate from college and to pursue further education. In fact, I am the first one in the family who is going to obtain a diploma. I am currently in my freshman taking general courses and a major course in Accounting. However, because I have come up with a realization lately, I now desire to become a Math teacher. In order to achieve it, I have to change my major courses. Therefore I am going to enlist in courses under the Teaching Program. Right after college I plan to have my Masters Degree on Education in order for me to achieve my academic goal. My professional visions center on my desire to become the person I yearn for my self to be: a Math teacher. I need to fulfill the responsibilities of being one. I have to teach diligently and faithfully the subject I am required to teach. Moreover, I have to maintain proper order and discipline in the classroom. I have to maintain an approachable and amiable atmosphere with my students. I am going to share them learning that would be kept in tact in their heart and mind. My financial goals center on my vision to earn for my education and for my family and to have a stable career so that I would have a steady source of income. Currently, I work as a part-time employee. I do my job three days in a week to support myself especially my education and to sustain my family because my father has no job and my mother is mentally ill. Even though I am employed, I can definitely say that I am a full-time student because I never get absent to class and I do my schoolwork and projects. At present, I live in a Project I really hate to live in. I believe that the only way for me to have a better life is for me to be educated. I desire for my dreams and visions to come true and I know that education is the ultimate key in reaching them. My character, perseverance and wisdom are the supporting factors that go hand in hand with education.

Historical Site For Heritage Tourism Tourism Essay

Historical Site For Heritage Tourism Tourism Essay The Team Jamaica Handbook, 2006 defines tourist as any person who visits a country or place for more than twenty-four (24) hours but less than a year for a variety of reasons other than employment. One of the most popular attractions for tourist activities on vacation is visiting historical and culture sites. According to the tourism technical report (1998), Since the 90s Heritage Tourism has been the growth segments of the industry, given the countrys rich history and culture. Jamaica has attracted quite a large number of persons, both locally and internationally. It has become apparent that there has been a growing interest in historical and cultural aspects of Jamaicas life among visitors who travel to our country. (Chang 1997) has defined Heritage tourism as the phenomenon in which the cultural, historical and ethnic components of society or places are harnessed as resources to attract tourists, as well as develop a leisure and tourism industry. While, the national trust defines it as a traveling experience, the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past and present. It includes historic, cultural and natural resources. As a result, the whole aspect of heritage tourism can be categorized into several facets called themes as laid out in the 2002 Tourism Master Plan. These includes natural wonders, slavery and emancipation, churches, great houses, maroons, Pre-Columbian Jamaica, forts and fortications and popular customs such as music, dance, dress and language. The case study focuses on the parish of St. Catherine being restored and promoted as a historic site for heritage tourism. Jamaica has been promoted as the island for sun, sea, sand and winter get-away for a number of years. It is where tourists come to frolic and take part in recreational activities. Jamaica consists of fourteen parishes, with St. Catherine been one of its parishes nestled between Clarendon and St. Andrew/Kingston. This Parish was the first area to hold the first capital, Spanish Town, of Jamaica. Hence, this parish holds tremendous sentimental and valuable rich culture that has nourished and molded Jamaica. Heritage Tourism is important as the development of assets is the key to sustainable development as it ensures that the product reflects the culture and aspirations of the Jamaican people. In restoring and promoting heritage tourism, it can become a tedious process so it is essential to promote our cultural remnant and customs that will attract heritage visitors. Through this process, it will be able to do more for local economies by providing jobs, promoting community pride and the structure for new business. Thus, the parish of St. Catherine has been neglected for long while and should be taken into consideration for restoration. Statement of Problem The parish of St. Catherine holds many historical sites which has not been restored and promoted. This research to be carried asserts that Heritage Tourism in St. Catherine has been in decline for a number of years. This has been the case because of the less attention being given to it by tourism managers in the area. Robert Bateman quotes that we need to look back at our wonderful, natural and human heritage, and cherish and protect the abundant values to be found there. We need to look out to the sides and see other parts of the world that need our help and can provide good ideas to go forwardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.we need too look ahead to be certain that our actions of today will make the world a better and richer and more varied place for our grandchildren and their grandchildren. This goes to show that conserving ones heritage is a growing concern that the Tourism Product Development Company has been placing further emphasis on development of Heritage Tourism and to widen the market f or Eco-Nature and Adventure Tourism. Heritage Tourism seems to be one of the many options to enlarge St. Catherines product base as well as enhancing Jamaicans understanding of their identity and preserving their valuable heritage. 1.2.1 Background to Research Problem The Tourism industry in Jamaica has been in full effect for years being one of the most anticipated places for tourists. In fact, tourism started to blossom in Jamaica after World War I when improved methods of transporting people to the island were established. The visit numbers have risen tremendously over the course from sixty four thousand in 1938 to One Million Six Hundred and Sixteen thousand Four Hundred and Thirty in 1993. This confirms that tourists are drawn to our island for what it has to offer. The major tourist sites are mostly on the north coast where people visit for the pleasant weather, white sandy beaches and resorts. These areas are mostly limited to Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Negril and Port Antonio while the parish of St. Catherine is used as a commercial centre next to Kingston which in turn holds a few numbers of visits for tourism appreciation. St. Catherine therefore needs a boost to sustain the heritage facets of tourism services. Due to the lack of many amenities to partake in, the deep roots of our heritage in St. Catherine may provide means of satisfying the Jamaican economy and the people who visit. All parts of this parish holds substantial cultural significance since it was the first home of Jamaicas capital, Spanish Town in 1534 and the home of the British Governor of the Island in that year. Most of St. Catherines heritage is held in the small town of Spanish Town holding the Parish Council, Supreme Court and House of Assembly. In 2011 an article was published criticizing Edmund Bartlett for not developing Spanish Town into a tourist destination. Then Mayor of Spanish Town and chairman of the St. Catherine Parish Council argued that the old capital should be restored and developed as a tourist mecca because Mr. Bartlett did not respond to his letter, thus emphasizing that he was not concerned with appreciating the true value of heritage tourism which contributes to eighty percent (80%) of tourism worldwide. In St. Catherine, there are various heritage facilities that will cater to the needs of tourist wanting to experience more of the heritage and a culture exchange. Some of these sites includes: bridges such as Flat Bridge, Old Iron Cast bridge, public buildings-Kings House, Military Structures-Barracks, Museums-Peoples Museum of Craft and Technology, monuments-Rodney Memorial, Churches-Phillipo Baptist, and forts-Fort Augusta and Fort Small. This comes to show that there are over twenty (20) buildings and area of interest that could be categorized as heritage sites. If St. Catherine is marketed properly it may attract hundreds of tourist to the parish. 1.3 Limitations to study ` The research is limited to the parish of St. Catherine, to residents and persons who have visited the area. The Jamaica Tourist Board along with the Tourism Product Development Company will also be used as they are responsible for developing, restoring and promoting cultural heritage in Jamaica. 1.4 Purpose of Study The aim of this research is to see how St. Catherine can be restored and promoted as a historical site for Heritage Tourism. The parish of St. Catherine which is located on the southern coast of Jamaica was chosen because it plays an integral role in our history. St. Catherine holds the first capital of our island, Spanish Town. The research is a source of information that lays out the current areas and applications to be carried out to make St. Catherine a travelled tourism destination for Heritage Tourism. They will be able to integrate and recognize different historical issues in the parish and determine various ways of making St. Catherine a diversified area for the tourism industry. Weiler and Hall has opined that culture, heritage and the arts have long been one of the appeal factors of tourists destinations and culture has been rediscovered as an important tool to attract the travelers with special interests in heritage. This statement justify that, persons will be impacted su ch as residents of St. Catherine, tourists and other visitors. Not only negatively through restoration but positively through fostering job opportunities, attracting visitors interested in history and preservation and diversifying the local economy. 1.5 Significance of Study The proposed research will determine ways on restoring and promoting St. Catherine as a destination for Heritage Tourism. The researcher hopes that the result of this study, the government will develop strategic measures to instill this area so it is preserved and protected. Since the parish has been neglected as far as the year 2009, the tourism body consisting of Ministry of Tourism, Jamaica National Heritage Trust, Jamaica Tourist Board and Tourism Product Development Company should put in place comprehensive and well conceived polices in order to encourage the restoration of the historical assets that each company constitutes. St. Catherine has the prospective to become a Heritage Tourism destination because of its distinct historical and cultural heritage and can provide visitors with unique experiences. Thus the significances should not be ignored but addressed to maintain the value of tourism in Jamaica. 1.6 Definition of Terms Tourist: Is any person who visits a country or place for more than twenty-four (24) hours but less than a year for a variety of reasons other than employment such as recreation, leisure, holiday, business, family and friends, or meeting. (Team Jamaica Handbook, 2006) Restoration: According to the Tourism Glossary (gdrc.org), restoration is returning existing habitats to a known past state, or to an approximation of the natural condition through repairing, degradation and removing introduced species. Promotion: All the activities in producing and increasing sales, including advertising, publicity and personal selling or the activities that supplements and makes more effective advertising and personal selling. Special events individually treated to bring public attention to specific products (Bhatia). As applied to the tourism industry, the most important function of marketing is to bring about an awareness of the product in the minds of existing as well as prospective consumers in the overall market area (Khan, 2005). Heritage Tourism: This is the phenomenon in which the cultural, historical and ethnic components of society or places are harnessed as resources to attract tourists, as well as develop a leisure and tourism industry. (Chang, 1997) 1.7 Research Questions/Hypotheses This research was premeditated and carried out to study three main research questions that will help St. Catherine become flourishing through restoration and promotion. They are: What is the present status of Heritage Tourism in St. Catherine? How can Heritage Tourism be restored in St. Catherine? How can Heritage Tourism be promoted in St. Catherine? 1.7.1 Hypotheses: St. Catherine, Jamaica can be restored and promoted as a historical site for Heritage Tourism. 1.8 Chapter Summary This chapter recaps the problems being faced of not using St. Catherine as a heritage site for Jamaica as well as the importance of the researchers topic and how it will affect persons such as the residents and tourists in St. Catherine. It gives a general overview of heritage tourism in Jamaica and St. Catherine along with various citations from persons who have said something about the issue of Heritage tourism and an understanding of different terms used throughout the introduction. 1.9 Thesis Overview The research is divided into five sections called chapters which are prearranged in the following way. The first section is an overall overview of the topic chosen including the introduction, statement of problem, background to research problem, limitations to study, purpose of study, Significance of Study, Research Questions/Hypotheses, and Definition of Terms. The second part holds an extensive description of St. Catherine as a heritage site. It also gives a brief story of the area of study and the major historical sites it holds, and the different practices taken to involve restoring and promoting heritage tourism as it relates to the research topics, questions and problems. The third section of the research examines the type of instrument used for the methodology to obtain information. Section four presents the findings, analysis and confers the results gathered from all findings. Lastly, section five draws the conclusion and presents recommendations and probable approaches to the topic.

The Horror of Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church. Essay example

The Horror of Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church. Early Sunday morning, people shuffle in through the mahogany doors as the smell of Frankincense and Myrrh tickle the nose. Rays of sunlight beam through the stained glass windows, making rainbow images on the red velvet carpet. What sounds like the voices of angels singing praise to the lord harmoniously circulates in the air. A mighty voice roars from the altar, â€Å"Now, let us bow our heads in prayer.† This is a majestic place where one can find peace, confess sins and thank the lord for all of the blessings he has bestowed upon them. In May of 1992, all of this would change, as Catholicism would be thrust to its knees. A story concerning a Catholic Priest sparked the headlines. The Boston Globe newspaper reported, â€Å"Nine allege priest abused them, threaten to sue church† (â€Å"Spotlight Investigation†). The article was a steppingstone for what triggered an intense investigation, extending from Massachusetts to Washington State, into allegations of child sexual abuse and the Catholic Church. For decades the Catholic Church has tolerated and silenced accusations of sexual misconduct by its priests. This essay discusses the link between the Roman Catholic Church, child sexual abuse and the possibility of a cover-up. Are the Archdiocese and the Catholic Church guilty of covering up accusations of child sexual abuse? If so, could the church have stopped the abuse before it became an epidemic? And why have multiple victims come forth alleging sexual abuse after so many years? In order to answer these questions, we must first identify the circumstances surrounding the scandal. First and foremost, the Archdiocese and the Catholic Church spawned a culture of secrecy whe... ... â€Å"Asked to help, priest allegedly abused.† Boston Globe. 05 June 2002 http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories2/060502_matte.htm â€Å"Five Principles to Follow in Dealing with Accusations of Sexual Abuse.† United States. Office of Catholic Bishops. June 1992. http://www.nccbuscc.org/comm/kit4.htm â€Å"Major settlements in Catholic sex abuse cases† USA Today. 9 Sept. 2003 http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-09-09-catholic-church-settlements_x.htm â€Å"Spotlight Investigation: Abuse in the Catholic Church.† 2003. 20 Oct. 2003. http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/ Turner, Maureen. â€Å"Telling Secrets.† Valley Advocate. 19 Dec. 2003 http://www.valleyadvocate.com/gbase/News/content.html?oid=oid:763 United States. Office of Catholic Bishops. 08 Oct. 2003. 20 Oct. 2003. http://www.nccbuscc.org/comm/restoretrust.htm

Edmund Emil Kemper III: Serial Killer Essay -- Biography Biographies

Edmund Emil Kemper III: Serial Killer Edmund Emil Kemper III was raised by a verbally abusive mother and her succession of abusive husbands. He was 6'9'' and therefore there was really no where that he could hide once the police caught on to his murderous activities. At a young age Edmund tortured and killed animals and had fantasies that combined sex and violence (crime library, 2000). Edmund's younger sister said that "he would stage his own execution in the form of a childhood 'game' in which he had her lead him to a chair, blindfold him, and pull and imaginary lever, after which he would writhe about as if dying in a gas chamber" (Leyton: 1995, 43). By the time that Edmund was finally apprehended by the police he had killed ten people by strangulation , stabbing an shooting. These victims not only perfect strangers but his grandparents and his mother as well. Edmund's background was similar to that of many serial killers. His parents had a tumultuous marriage and they separated when he was nine (crime library, 2000). Edmund's parents were not bad parents, they did try, but he was a difficult child. Even though he was growing quickly in size he was afraid of other boys and had problems making friends and forming relationships. Since Edmund was so difficult to handle he was sent from his mothers house to his fathers were subsequent threats to his stepmother lead him to be sent to his grandparents farm. This is where his first killings occurred at the age of fourteen. "I just wondered how it would feel to shoot Grandma" (Leyton: 1995, 46). This is what Edmund said to the police when they arrived at the farm after he shot and killed both his grandmother and grandfather. He said that he felt an overwhelming rage, like he ... ...d, he had intercourse with dead corpses, decapitated heads (his mothers was said to be put on the mantel at one point) and he even handcuffed the corpses (Leyton: 1995). After killing the girls he made an attempt to ensure that the girls were of the upper class, this was a very important point with him (Leyton: 1995, 66). "I didn't want to kill all the coeds in the world", this quote may give some insight into who Kemper is now as he sits in an institution and is said to be a 'happy' man, he has challenged all the problems in his life that bothered him and now after the issues have been resolved he appears to be content (Leyton: 1995, 77). References: Leyton, E. (1995). Hunting Humans: The Rise of the Modern Multiple Murderer. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. The crime library, 2000 [wysiwyg://2/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serials/kemper/kempermain.htm]

Racial Discrimination Essay -- English Literature

Racial Discrimination Racial discrimination is shown through out the book, To kill a mockingbird. During discrimination, many certain people got hurt during the times of the depression. In this book, Tom Robinson was teased of and discriminated against because he was black. Scout Finch is the narrator of the book. Jem is her brother, and the father is Atticus Finch, the dad and the city knowing lawyer. This book is set during the depression, so it is kind of hard for people to live with going through this time period. Many people are very hurt and very badly beaten because of the time that people usually did not like blacks and some times they did not even like whites at times. The author of To kill a mockingbird, is Harper lee, whose book shows the hard times of companionship and leadership throughout to kill a mockingbird, which shows how people are treated and how they act about being beat up. She also tries to show how people have so bad ideas that would just be painful to someone else but they still think it is cool because they know that they should not be living with a black person or a white person. Most of the prejudice that happen in this book revolves around the Tom Robinson rape case. This book is set in Maycomb, Alabama. Racial discrimination becomes a big factor in to kill a mockingbird. " People said that he existed but jem and I had never seen him". " There are four kinds of folks in this world", Blacks, Ewells, Cunningham's, and the finches and the neighbors. Miss Caroline says to scout that, " your father does not know how to teach". That is discrimination by just guessing that scouts dad doesn't know how to be a teacher. Tom Robinson knew that he was innocent and so did Atticus but ... ... a very hard job because most of the people in maycomb county and the county's all believe that blacks are bad and they should be punished for their race. This is true because people in the city believe that blacks are bad for the community and they should have to be put in jail if they are accused and they might not be guilty, but they are still thrown in jail because of the outside appearance color of their skin. Telling people in maycomb sometimes shows racial jokes while blacks are selfish people, and they should just be put in jail for being selfish. I would hate to always be picked on because what color of my skin I was, or if people to make racial comments that maybe I am small, or like they don't like my racial background. I still believe that people all over the world should just come together and share what they know about racial discrimination.

Presence of Exim Bank in Saarc Region

History of SAARC The concept of setting up a regional co-operational in the South Asian Region was first mooted by the late President of Bangladesh, Ziaur-Rahman on May 2, 1980. Before this, the idea of regional cooperation in South Asia was discussed in conferences of Asian Regional conference, New Delhi in April 1947, the Baguio Conference in Philippines in May 1950, and the Colombo Power Conference in April 1954. urther in the late 70s, SAARC nations agreed to create a trade bloc consisting of South Asian countries. The idea of regional cooperation in South Asia was again mooted in May 1980as a result, the foreign secretaries of the seven countries met for the first time in Colombo in April 1981. The Committee of the Whole, which met in Colombo in August 1985, identified five broad areas for regional cooperation.New areas of cooperation were added in the following years. Hence the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was created in 1985 with eight member countri es in SAARC namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. It also has nine observers, namely China, EU, Iran, Republic of Korea, Australia, Japan, Mauritius, Myanmar and USA.The objectives of the Association as defined in the Charter are: * to promote the welfare of the people of South Asia and to improve their quality of life; * to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region and to provide all individuals the opportunity to live in dignity and to realize their full potential; * to promote and strengthen selective self-reliance among the countries of South Asia; * to contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one another's problems; * to promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields; * to strengthen cooperation with other developing countries; * to strengthen cooperation among themselves in international forums on matters of common interest; and * to cooperate with international and regional organisations with similar aims and purposes. The principles of SAARC are: * Respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, political equality and independence of all members states * Non-interference in the internal matters is one of its objectives * Cooperation for mutual benefit * All decisions to be taken unanimously and need a quorum of all eight members * All bilateral issues to be kept aside and only multilateral(involving many countries) issues to be discussed without being prejudiced by bilateral issues Economic Agenda of SAARC The main economic agenda of SAARC include: ) SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement (SAPTA) The Agreement on SAPTA was signed on 11 April 1993 and entered into force on 7 December 1995. The Agreement envisaged promoting and sustaining mutual trade and economic cooperation within the SAARC region through exchange of concessions. b) South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) The Ag reement on SAFTA was signed on 6 January 2004 during the Twelfth SAARC Summit in Islamabad. The Agreement entered into force on 1 January 2006. c) South Asian Economic Union The Eleventh Summit (Kathmandu, 4-6 January 2002) provided further impetus to the regional economic cooperation to give effect to the shared aspirations for a more prosperous South Asia.At the Summit, the leaders agreed to accelerate cooperation in the core areas of trade, finance and investment to realise the goal of an integrated South Asian economy in a step-by-step manner. They also agreed to the vision of a phased and planned process eventually leading to a South Asian Economic Union. Economic Profile of the SAARC Member Countries In Afghanistan, real domestic product (GDP) is estimated to have reached 13. 9% in FY2007, owing to a strong recovery in agricultural production. Industry and services recorded dynamic growth of 13. 3% and 12. 4%, respectively. Construction was the main driver of industrial growth . In Bangladesh, GDP growth in FY2007 (ended June 2007) stood at 6. % underpinned by steady expansion in manufacturing and continued buoyancy in services, on the base of rising domestic and external demand. Secretariat of SAARC The Secretariat of SAARC is located in Kathmandu has been established on 16 January 1987 inaugurated by Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal headed by a Secretary General. The Secretary General is appointed by the Council of Ministers from Member Countries in alphabetical order for a term of three-years assisted by the Professional and the General Services Staff, and also an appropriate number of functional units called Divisions assigned to Directors on deputation from Member States.The Secretariat has been entrusted with the function of coordination and monitoring the implementation of activities, arranging for meetings, and serveing as a channel of communication between the Association and its Member States as well as other regional organizations. T he setting up of SAARC Secretariat involved inking a Memorandum of Understanding between the Foreign Ministers of member countries on 17 November 1986 at Bangalore, India which contained various clauses concerning the role, structure and administration of the SAARC Secretariat as well as the powers of the Secretary-General. Regional Centres of SAARC There are various regional centres established by SAARC Secretariat in member states so as to ensure smooth working of the SAARC functions.The regional Centres covering Agriculture, Tuberculosis, Documentation, Meteorological research, and Human Resource Development have been established in different SAARC capitals: SAIC (Dhaka, 1998) STC (Kathmandu, 1992) SDC (New Delhi, 1994) SMRC (Dhaka, 1995) SHRDC (Islamabad, 1999) SCC (Kandy, 2004) SCZMC (Male, 2004) and SIC (Kathmandu, 2004). In addition, three new regional centres covering Culture, Coastal Zones Management, and Information are being established. India- SAARC Relationship The coun tries of South Asia were compelled to forge a regional grouping due to universal realization among the third world countries. – india with her experience of initial efforts to organize the Asian community ; the conflicts in the region welcomed the initiative of Bangladesh in 1980. for an association of south Asian namely India, Pakistan, Sri lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives. SAARC provides a platform for the peoples of south asia to work together in a spirit of friendship , trust ; understanding . – it aims to accelerated the process of economic ; social development in member states. – the initial years of SAARC were marked by significant political developments in the world culminating in the demise of cold war ; the disremberment of the soviet union. – therefore, when the proposal for the regional co-operation was made by bangladesh india could not reject the proposal. – as this regional cooperation could play a useful role in india's ow n regional policy. – india is the biggest with sharing the borders with all 6 countries of the region. – from politicla to economic level, india & its neighbors have many disputes. inida is also having the stable democracy, has a strong military machine, a large scientific & technical manpower & a vast industries infrastructure makes it different from other countries. – the end of cold war has provided greater leeway to india to promote her perception of south Africa regionalism through SAARC. – india has become the heart of saarc & in fact constitutes the major source of both GDP, trade & capital flows within saarc/region. – the reluctance of india & other south asian countries to turn saarc into forum for resolving major regional disputes hampers saarc ability to deal with many of the south asia's economic ; political problems. Mekong-Ganga Cooperation : it was established on nov 10 2000 at vientiane in the 1st MGC ministerial-meeting. – i t comprises of 6 members countries namely, thailand, myanmar,cambodia, lao PDR, vietnam ; india. – they emphses on 4 areas of cooperation , which are : tourism, culture, education , transportation linkages in order to be solid foundation for future trade ; investment cooperation in the region. Cooperation Mechanisms : – the working mechanism for MGC consists of the annual ministrial meeting, the senior official's meeting, 5 working group namely : * working group on tourism (thailand) * working group on education , HRD (india) * working group on culture (cambodia) working group on communication & transportation (lao PDR) * working group on paln of actions (vietnam). – with his cooperation india has extended its footprints in asean region under the geostartegic back drop. – india has added powerful cultural dimension to its economic diplomacy by encouraging business contacts between the people residing on the banks Summits Summits which are the highest auth ority in SAARC, are supposed to be held annually. The country hosting the Summit also holds the Chair of the Association. Bangladesh hosted the Thirteenth Summit in November 2005 at Dhaka as the Chairperson of the Association. India will host the Fourteenth SAARC Summit in 2007 as its Chairman.South Asia’s regional cooperation, international political and economic environment, poverty alleviation, advancing economic cooperation, funding mechanisms, security of small states, combating, terrorism, social, natural disasters and environmental challenges as an agenda for third decade of SAARC was also discussed in the Thirteenth Summit. Enhancing people-to-people contact and cultural cooperation, political cooperation and external linkages of SAARC was also discussed. SAARC member states welcomed the request by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan for membership and invited Afghanistan as a member, subject to the completion of formalities.SAARC member states also agreed in principl e with the desire of the People’s Republic of China and Japan to be associated as observers. The Agreement on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Customs Matters Establishment of SAARC Arbitration Council, and the Limited 136 Pakistan Journal of History & Culture, Vol. XXVII/2 (2006) Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation and Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters were signed during the thirteenth SAARC Summit The Council of Ministers comprising Foreign Ministers, meets at least twice a year. Its functions include formulating policy, reviewing progress of regional cooperation, identifying new areas of cooperation and establishing additional mechanisms that may be necessary.The Standing Committee comprising Foreign Secretaries, monitors and coordinates SAARC programmes of cooperation, approves projects including their financing and mobilizes regional and external resources. It meets as often as necessary and reports to the Council of Ministers. The Association also convenes meetings at Ministerial Level on specialized themes. The Committee on Economic Cooperation consisting of Secretaries of Commerce oversees regional cooperation in the economic field. During the Twelfth Summit in Islamabad, the SAARC Social Charter was signed in order to address social issues such as population stabilization, empowerment of women, youth mobilization, human resource development, promotion of health and nutrition, and protection of children, which are keys to the welfare and well-being of all South Asians.South Asian States have adopted Conventions on the Suppression of Terrorism (including Additional Protocol signed in January 2004 in Islamabad), Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Trafficking in Women and Children, and Child Welfare in South Asia. An Agreement on Food Security Reserve is also in place. During the 12th SAARC summit held in Islamabad the leaders of South Asia reiterated their commitment to form South Asian Economic Union (SAEU). If for med, it will pave the way for more ambitious — but entirely achievable — goals such as a Free Trade Area, an Economic Union, open borders, and a common currency for the region. As President Pervez Musharraf said, â€Å"we must expand SAARC charter to discuss bilateral issues at the regional level. There can be no development in the absence of peace.There can be no peace, so long as political issues and disputes continue to fester. †The Twelfth Summit renewed the urgency to deal with poverty in the region. For this purpose, the Summit directed the Independent South Asian Commission on Poverty Alleviation (ISACPA) to submit to the next Summit a comprehensive and realistic blueprint setting out SAARC 14 President Pervez Musharraf’s statement reported by M. Aftab, â€Å"Can Safta lead to South Asian Economic Union? † The News, 19 January, 2004. SAARC: Origin, Growth, Potential and Achievements 137 Development Goals for the next five years in the areas of poverty alleviation, education, health and environment.The Governors of the Central Banks of member states under the auspices of SAARCFINANCE meet regularly to consider cooperation in financial matters. For strengthening cooperation in information and media related activities of the Association, the Heads of National Television and Radio Organizations of member countries meet annually. Similarly, the SAARC Audio-Visual Exchange (SAVE) Committee disseminates information both on SAARC and its Member States through regular Radio and TV Programmes. In the field of education, the Member States cooperate through the forums of SACODiL (SAARC Consortium on Open and Distance Learning) and Heads of Universities Grants Commission/Equivalent Bodies.Memoranda of Understanding have been signed to promotecollaboration with UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), UNESCAP (United Nati ons Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific), UNDCP (United Nations Drug Control Programme), ITU (International Telecommunications Union), APT (Asia Pacific Telecommunity), WHO (World Health Organization), UNIFEM (Untied Nations Fund for Women), CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency), EC (European Commission), PTB (German Metrology Institute), WB (World Bank), ADB (Asian Development Bank), UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS) and SACEP (South Asia Cooperative Environment Programme). Regular dialogues with other Regional Organizations such as ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations), ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization) and PIFS (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat) are held with a view to promoting cooperation among sub-regional organizations.The Association promotes interaction on multilateral issues of common concern to its members and has identified areas in which collective positions could be projected at international forums. These i nclude trade, finance, environment, agriculture, women and children, information and telecommunications. Beyond official linkages, SAARC also encourages and facilitates cooperation in private sector through the SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI), which is a SAARC Apex Body. Other such bodies are SAARCLAW and South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA). In addition, the status of SAARC Recognized Bodies has been accorded to professional groups in South Asia including Architects, Management 138 http://www. nihcr. edu. pk Pakistan Journal of History & Culture, Vol.XXVII/2 (2006) Development Institutions, University Women, Town Planners, Cardiologists, Dermatologists, Teachers, Writers, Insurance Organizations, Diploma Engineers, Radiological and Surgical Care Societies. The Association of Speakers and Parliamentarians enjoy special recognition by the Heads of State or Government. Achievements Several factors such as political, economic, security and potentiality of mutual e conomic benefit through regionalism seem to have influenced President Ziaur Rahman’s thinking about establishing a regional organization in South Asia. 15 SAARC’s existence, however, has enabled South Asian political leaders to meet regularly and carry on informal discussions to address their mutual problems.This is no mean achievement given South Asia’s past history and low level of interaction among South Asian countries since their independence. Informal talks among the leaders at regularly held SAARC meetings have led to inter-elite reconciliation on many sensitive issues, producing some noteworthy results in South Asia. The informal talks between the Indian and Pakistani Prime Ministers at the second SAARC Summit meeting at Bangalore in November 1986 led to the diffusion of tension between the two countries on the issue of India’s military exercise, Operation Brasstacks, on the Indo-Pakistan border, and the India-Sri Lanka talks at the 1987 SAARC for eign ministers’ meeting led to their accord on the Tamil problem.As a result of an informal meeting and discussion between Prime Minister of India and Pakistan, Narasimha Rao and Nawaz Sharif, at Davos (Switzerland), in 1992, the Pakistani government took action to prevent the move of the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) to cross the ceasefire line in Kashmir later that year. The Davos meeting was possible because of an earlier informal agreement between the two leaders at the sixth SAARC Summit meeting at Colombo in December 1991. Given this utility of SAARC, can the organization grow or expand its role in the coming decades? The Heads of State or Government during the Ninth SAARC Summit agreed for the first time that a process of informal political consultations would prove useful in promoting peace, stability, amity and accelerated socio-economic cooperation in the region. The leaders reiterated this intent during their Tenth and Eleventh Summits in Colombo and Ka thmandu respectively also.The Agreement on SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) was signed in 1993 and four rounds of trade negotiations have been concluded. With the objective of moving towards a South Asian Economic Union (SAEU), the Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) was signed during the Twelfth Summit in Islamabad in January 2004. SAFTA may enter into force by the end of the year 2006. The Association has carried out Regional Studies on trade, manufactures and services, environment and poverty alleviation, SAFTA and Customs matters. Since its inception in 1984 there have also been serious differences among member countries over the aims and functioning of SAARC. 6 Such differences have been pronounced in verbal bickerings in several SAARC meetings. This is in the face of the fact that closer social, economic and cultural ties (the espoused ideals of SAARC) are considered the one and only hope for building regional cooperation efforts in South Asia in the coming years. Indeed, increasing rationalization of world trade and the fluidity of the emerging global system has increased trade within each trade bloc and those countries that do not belong to any trade blocs are likely to be the losers. 17 This also provides a strong rationale for sustaining the SAARC vis-a-vis future trade prospects of South Asia.The assumption that peace can be achieved through SAARC without addressing the political problems of the region has neither een able to cultivate peace nor to invigorate the SAARC process successfully. Though since its very inception it has been regularly able to hold Summit meetings yet there have been interruptions in 16 The main point of debate hinges on the Charter of SAARC which does not allow bilateral issues to be discussed at the regional level summit diplomacy. 17 B. S. Shreekantaradhya, â€Å"Globalisation of Indian Economy: Strategies and Constraints,† S. Murty, The Changing Indian Economic Order (New Delhi: Indus Ec onomic Profile of the SAARC Member Countries In Afghanistan, real domestic product (GDP) is estimated to have reached 13. % in FY2007, owing to a strong recovery in agricultural production. Industry and services recorded dynamic growth of 13. 3% and 12. 4%, respectively. Construction was the main driver of industrial growth. In Bangladesh, GDP growth in FY2007 (ended June 2007) stood at 6. 5% underpinned by steady expansion in manufacturing and continued buoyancy in services, on the base of rising domestic and external demand (Figure 1). Figure 1: Economic Growth in SAARC Region – 2007 (percent) Source: Asian Development Outlook 2008, ADB Source: Direction of Trade Statistics Year Book 2007, IMF. Bhutan’s real GDP in FY2007 (ended June 2007) is estimated to have grown by 17. %. This was driven by growth in power sector (with a GDP share of 11. 3% in FY2006) resulting from the commissioning of the 1,020 megawatt (MW) Tala hydropower station, which has been phased in sin ce July 2006. In India, the impressive economic performance of the past few years continued with real GDP growth at 9. 0% in 2007-08, as compared to 9. 6% in the previous year. The real GDP of Maldives grew by 6. 6% in 2007, reverting to its historical growth path after the post-tsunami contraction in 2005. Tourism, the leading sector with around one-third share of GDP, grew by 10. 0%. Real GDP growth of Nepal moderated to 2. 3% in FY2007 (endedmidJuly 2007) from 3. 1% in FY2006, resulting from subdued performances of agriculture and industry. Real GDP growth of Pakistan continued to remain strong for the fourth consecutive year registering a growth of 7. 0% in FY2007 (ended June 2007). During 2007, Sri Lanka continued to register strong real GDP growth of 6. 7%, as compared to 7. 7% in 2006. Trend in Foreign Trade and Trade Policies SAARC’s Global Trade During the year 2000 to 2006, the total exports of SAARC countries have increased from US$ 63. 5 billion to US$ 161. 4 bill ion. The total imports of SAARC countries also have increased from US$ 79. 5 billion in 2000 to US$ 255. 3 billion in 2006.Among the SAARC countries, India led both in terms of exports and imports, followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. Intra-SAARC Trade Total intra-SAARC exports have increased from US$ 2. 8 billion in 2000 to US$ 10. 8 billion in 2006, registering nearly a four-fold rise during the period. As a result, intra-SAARC exports, as a proportion of SAARC global exports, have risen from 4. 5% in 2000 to 6. 7% in 2006. Intra-exports of the SAARC countries were dominated by India, followed by Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The total intra-SAARC imports have also increased more than three-fold from US$ 3. 0 billion in 2000 to US$ 9. 6 billion in 2006. Intra-SAARC imports ere dominated by Sri Lanka, followed by India. Figure 2 depicts the trend in intra-SAARC trade (exports plus imports) vis-a-vis trend in SAARC’s global trade. A comparison of the trends would highlight the buoy ancy in intra- SAARC trade especially after 2003, as compared to SAARC’s global trade. Trade Policies Trade liberalisation in South Asia started with a series of sweeping reforms in Sri Lanka in 1977/78. For the rest of South Asia, the 1980s and 1990s saw substantial reductions of tariffs and phasing out of quantitative restrictions (QRs), along with liberalisation of the exchange regimes. Developments in SAARC Trade Integration SAARC Preferential Trade Agreement SAPTA) was signed at the seventh SAARC summit in 1993, in Dhaka. The agreement provides a framework and institutional base for trade liberalisation and economic cooperation between the seven SAARC member countries. The agreement provides for the exchange of concessions between SAPTA members on tariffs, para-tariff and non-tariff barriers. It envisages four basic approaches to the exchange of trade preferences: (1) product-by-product; (2) across- the-board; (3) sectoral; and (4) â€Å"direct trade† measures. So uth Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) extends the scope of SAPTA to include trade facilitation elements and switches the tariff liberalisation rocess from a positive to a negative list approach. Foreign Direct Investment in the SAARC Region Private capital flows to South Asia was largely driven by India, which received the majority of capital flows to the region. The total FDI inflows into the SAARC region have increased from US$ 5. 6 billion in 2000 to US$ 22. 3 billion in 2006. FDI outflows from the SAARC region have increased from US$ 350 mn in 2000 to US$ 9. 8 billion in 2006. India’s Trade and Investment Relations with SAARC Trade Relations India’s exports to the SAARC region increased from US$ 2. 8 billion in 2002-03 to US$ 6. 5 billion in 2006-07 (Figure 3). Amongst the SAARC members, Sri Lanka is the largest arket, accounting for 35% of India’s Blue Magenta Black Blue Magenta Black Brief on New Publications SAARC: An Emerging Trade Bloc Exim Bank : Rese arch Brief No. 38, June 2008 3 Figure 3: Trend in India’s Trade in SAARC Region (US$ mn) Source: Ministry of Commerce and Industry, GOI total exports in the SAARC region during 2006-07, followed by Bangladesh (25%), Pakistan (21%) and Nepal (14%). An analysis of the trend in India’s exports to the SAARC region during the period 2002-03 to 2006-07 reveals that, while exports to all the SAARC members have registered a rise, India’s exports to Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nepal have exhibited distinct buoyancy. While India’s exports toPakistan registered a six-fold rise during the five-year period, exports to Afghanistan and to Nepal also rose three-fold and two and half-fold, respectively, during the period. India’s imports from the SAARC region have also risen from US$ 531. 5 mn in 2002-03 to US$ 1. 5 billion in 2006-07, depicting almost a three-fold rise during the period. Sri Lanka is again the leading partner, accounting for 31% of India’s to tal imports from the region during 2006-07, followed by Pakistan (21%), Nepal (20%), Bangladesh (15%) and Bhutan (9%). The robust rise in India’s total imports from the SAARC during the period 2002-03 to 2006-07 has been underpinned by the sharp ncrease in imports from Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Bangladesh. India generally maintains a positive trade balance with the other SAARC member countries, and the trade surplus have risen from US$ 2. 3 billion in 2002-03 to US$ 5. 0 billion in 2006-07. Investment Relations The total foreign direct investments (approved) from India to other SAARC countries amounted to US$ 312. 8 mn during April 1996 to December 2007. Among the SAARC countries, Sri Lanka (US$ 153. 1 mn) was the major destination of Indian investment followed by Nepal (US$ 87. 2 mn). During January 2005 to December 2007, 33 joint ventures (JVs) and 42 wholly owned subsidiaries (WOSs) have been pproved in the SAARC countries. Out of this, 1 JV was approved in Afghanist an, 7 JVs and 8 WOSs were approved in Bangladesh, 2 JVs in Maldives, 2 JVs and 6 WOSs in Nepal, 1 JV in Bhutan, and 20 JVs and 28 WOSs in Sri Lanka. Areas of investment approved include engineering goods, electrical equipments, pesticides, readymade garments, cables and wires, plastic & plastic products, rubber products and textiles. Total investments of SAARC countries to India have amounted to US$ 11. 7 mn during April 2000 to February 2008. Among all the SAARC countries, Sri Lanka was the largest source of FDI with US$ 8. 5 mn during the period, followed by Maldives (US$ 3. 1 mn).The investment flows between India and Sri Lanka have increased mainly after the implementation of India Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISLFTA). Exim Bank in the SAARC Region Export-Import Bank of India (Exim Bank) operates a comprehensive range of financing, advisory and support programmes to promote and facilitate India’s trade and investment relations with the SAARC region. In the SAARC region , the Bank has supported several Indian project exporters to execute contracts in countries such as: _ Hydroelectric project (Tala project), tunnel house, and dam construction in Bhutan; _ Road improvement projects, railway construction and maintenance, gas turbine power plant project, lectrical substations, cement plant project, transmission line project, and conveyor belt project in Bangladesh; _ Steel, local telephone network, transmission lines, sub-stations, out door LED video system for cricket matches, and diesel fired power project in Sri Lanka; _ Transmission lines and substations, optic fibre cable project, hydro electric projects, and irrigation projects in Nepal, and _ Air-conditioning & electro mechanical work at Male Airport in Maldives. The Bank, in order to help Indian companies in their internationalisation efforts, provides term loans to them, both for equity investment in their ventures overseas. Besides, Exim Bank lso undertakes direct equity stake in Indian vent ures abroad, to enable Indian companies to supplement their equity with Exim Bank’s contribution. To facilitate Indian presence in the SAARC region, the Bank has supported joint ventures by Indian companies in several sectors, including: _ Pharmaceuticals, steel and glass sectors in Sri Lanka; _ Electrical sector in Bangladesh, and _ Engineering goods and textile sectors in Nepal. Exim Bank extends Lines of Credit (LOCs) to overseas financial institutions, foreign governments and their agencies, enabling them to finance EXIM BANK ORGANISES SEMINAR ON REGIONAL ECONOMIC & FINANCIAL COOPERATION IN ASIAExim Bank of India organised a Seminar on ‘Regional Economic and Financial Cooperation in Asia' on October 5, 2005 as a curtain raiser for the 11th Annual Meeting of Asian Exim Banks being held from October 5-7, 2005 in Goa. The Forum of Asian Exim Banks comprises 9 Asian countries, viz. India, Japan, China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Australia with Asian Development Bank, Manila, the multilateral financing institution as a permanent invitee. The Forum has an Annual Meeting hosted by a member country by rotation. The Forum was conceived and initiated by Exim Bank of India in 1996. After a decade, Exim Banks of India is again hosting the Annual Meeting. Hon'ble Chief Minister of Goa, Shri Pratapsingh Raoji Rane was the Chief Guest and inaugurated the Seminar. Other dignitaries who spoke at the Seminar included Mr. T. C.Venkat Subramanian, Chairman ; Managing Director, Exim Bank of India, Dr. Ashok Lahiri, Chief Economic Adviser, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Dr. Nagesh Kumar, Director General, Research and Information System, New Delhi, Mr. Werner Liepach, Principal Director, Asian Development Bank, Manila and Mr. Lamon Rutten, Chief, Commodity Finance ; Risk Management, UNCTAD Geneva. The seminar was attended by the members of the Asian Exim Banks Forum at the highest level, special invitees, a cross-section of the industry and the academia. In his welcome address, Mr. Subramanian highlighted the growing importance of the Asian region in global trade and investment with Asia accounting for 27% of world trade.He, observed that intra-Asian trade at US$ 625 bn (42% of total exports of Asian countries) was not commensurate with the potential that exists for trade flows among the Asian economies and is much lower than intra-EU and intra-NAFTA trade. Mr. Subramanian also highlighted the sharp rise in Indo-China trade in the past few years catapulting China to become India's largest source of imports and 3rd largest export destination. Giving the theme address, Dr. Nagesh Kumar underscored the significance of regional cooperation among the economies of Asia, particularly considering that the region is home to the fastest emerging economies of the world. Besides sub-regional initiatives in the framework of ASEAN, SAARC and others, broader economic integration initiatives are under way.He argued that there is a strong case for ASEAN, Japan, China, India and Korea working together to realise the Asian dream. Congratulating Exim Bank of India for initiating a decade back, a Forum of Asian Exim Banks to forge stronger regional economic cooperation among the Asian countries, Dr. Ashok Lahiri in his keynote address noted with interest the wide range of issues to be covered at the 11th Annual Asian Exim Banks meeting. While underlining the importance of regional cooperation, Dr. Lahiri cited the example of ADB's initiative of the Greater Mekong Subregion in which six countries entered into a programme of subregional economic cooperation to enhance economic relations among themselves. Dr.Lahiri also explained the Government of India's initiatives, particularly the ‘Look East' policy, to forge stronger ties with the Asian economies for promoting trade and investment. Commending the Asian Exim Banks community for creating a forum for economic cooperation and sharing of knowledge, S hri Pratapsingh Rane, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Goa hoped that the Forum would suggest policies that would provide fillip to states/regional level, economic growth in the larger context of intra-Asian economic cooperation. Highlighting the investor-friendly economic environment of Goa, Mr. Rane emphasised the emergence of the state as a major destination for foreign investment and outlined the various measures taken by his Government.

An analysis of Ocean Park Essay

1. Introduction Hong Kong ocean lay is considered as a peerless of foundings largest marine super acid, find on the second end of Hong Kong Is state of matter. The three sections ar located on the headlands of Brick Hill, while the sepa prise deuce section is located in the Wong Chuk shine V eitherey lowlands and Thai Shue Wan. It is considered as unmatched of the largest ocean in the world, having an argona of 870,000 bomberstantial metres (2013). This paper leave centralise on analyze the external surroundings such(prenominal) as the economical and culture setting that feces affect the relationship of the system to their nodes, key to attending their impact on the industry.Furthermore, it will focus on the inborn surroundings of the organization such as its core competency, together with its bearings and weaknesses. There argon various forces that influence the Marco Environment. Following is the elabo stride analysis based on the preceding(prenominal) d imensions 2. Analysis of ocean super acids Environment St footstepgic status To understand the demarcation environment that marine jet is operating, we will examine it by the canker Framework, and the SWOT analysis. 2. 1PEST analysis 2. 1. 1 semipolitical issues Launch of individual visit organisation (Pos +)The private Visit system was initial introduced in four Guangdong cities on 28 July 2003 as a liberalisation measuring rod under the Closer Economic confederacy Arrangement. There were 4. 3 million Mainland visitant arrivals to Hong Kong under this scheme in 2004, of importland china lead No. 1 stemma leaf node of nautical common land (T adequate to(p) 1. 1). The rail steering line scheme for the southwesterly Island caper1 (Pos +) The southern Island Line (East) will be connecting the MTR ne twork at Admiralty to the grey District of Hong Kong, via bracing station at oceanic greenness.Construction of the southeasterly Island Line (East) commenced in 2011 for completion pass judgment in 2015. In addition, there will be expanding tourism in the Southern District and link Aberdeen with ocean putting surface. Amendments to the spousal Ordinance (Pos +) In 2005, the government authorise a stark naked policy on marriage registration. There is no restriction on choosing say for registering a marriage. The couples can registration on incompatible place of worship with advance application for workmanlike minister. All these offer up new business opportunities for marine super acid. 2. 1. 2Economic trends GDP Growth in chinaw ar and Hong Kong (Pos +).While 2008- 2009 Hong Kong struggles with financial tsunami, whizz year after the gross ho handling servant product (GDP) grew by a queer 9. 3% ( patternure 1) in real speak to and chinas GDP issue seen as stable. Thats able to tolerate a stable economic environment to naval ballgreening lot which able to swan its evolution. GDP gain (annual %) in Hong Kong a nd China Fig 1 GDP one-year GROWTH RATE, stock form nosecount and Statistics Department and written report bureau of statistics of china Employment rate in HK (Pos +) The unemployment rate fell from a high of 8. 6% in the second quarter of 2003 to a near three-year low of 6.5% in the fourth quarter 2004. Hong Kong consumer neglecting retained notable growth throughout the year since they argon optimistic of the economic observation tower and improving labour get by conditions. Underemployment rate (%)2006201020112012 4. 84. 43. 43. 4 Fig 2. outset from enumerate and Statistics Department2 2. 1. 3Cultural and social values and trends The demographic diffusion of Hong Kong and China (Pos +) Ocean commons is pitch toward families p atomic number 18nts, kids, and grandparents. From fig 3 it shows the family size of Hong Kong are getting smaller, that means parent are able to spend more g sure-enough(a) on their spoiled kids.On the other hands, Chinas one-child family p olicy has had a great effect on alert standards, the mainland traveller are willing to spend money on travel. Domestic nursing homes by House give birth Composition and Household Size, 2006 and 2011 20112006 Household Composition Household size collected of couple and unmarried children 1nilnil 2nilnil 3382 704344 436 4390 839400 360 5135 293one hundred forty 382 6 and over25 37934 172 Fig 3, extension number and Statistics Department 2011 yearbook event for charity (Pos+) Events are the main background of the attractions business.They recognized this early and hold different annual events such as Chinese New Year, Summer, Halloween and Christmas. The Halloween Bash has father an iconic Halloween event in the orbit and guests from Hong Kong, mainland China and overseas has shown biggest permit in October and over the years. The face successfully give Halloween culture to their visitors and transport a new let to the tourists from mainland. 2. 1. 4Technology Analysis New web site to promote and events (Pos+) With the increasing use of internet, it beseems an substantial link for marketing and customer relationship.The internet can offer a great connection with huge and unmeasured possible market. The website will keep modify Ocean super acids in style(p) information, news, promotion and more interactive dish out can be added in. 2. 2SWOT Analyze Education, swordplay and safety are the values which Ocean park stresses. Apart from that Ocean putting surface key similarly provides all tourists with an experience in natural scenic environment and exotics animals ( appendage 1). However, increased competition may end in a further descending(prenominal) scathe pressure and affect the come withs financial condition and dissolvent of operation.StrengthsWeakness Unique animals are exchange signify in ocean ballpark. Ocean common land is recognized as icon of Hong Kong. liable price of tickets Limitations on land development as its hilly. Facilities are comparatively old an unattached. Opportunities Individual Traveling design was carried out in 2003. Strong rescue growing in China. brook of local government. Higher demand of fun from the commonplace. Threats contestation and challenges from HK Disneyland. More attractive localises in the live countries. Strengths Unique animals are selling point in Ocean Park.Grand Aquarium, marine creature are unique selling point inside the OP. The main strengths of OP focus on their offering of animals, fun and instruction to the tourists. OP tries to perplex the natural behavior of animals to alter large number to see them in a creative way. The key is decision a balance between military man pleasure and natural environments. That makes OP different from a citizenry of theme jets in the world. They also offer a differentiation betterment because it is considered as bigger than the HK Disneyland, thus modify OP to offer more and new features and shows t han Disneyland. analyse with Disneyland, they are focuses on showing the reality regarding the nature, while Disneyland focuses on fantasy. Ocean Park is recognized as icon of Hong Kong and has ceremonious a just image. OP is a Hong Kong park its actually local and they take in generational values. Its been around continuing than 30 years and there is a connection to the market. muckle go to the park as children and now they are saving their children. Reasonable price of tickets Ocean Park offers cheaper ticket costs HK$280 for adult and HK$140 for children, compare to HK$450 for adult and HK$320 for child of Disneyland.Tickets are offered at a contendable price which can be afforded for most people and attract more visitors easily. Theme ParkGeneral entrance TicketChild TicketSenior Ticket Disneyland$450$320$100 Ocean Park$280$140Free Fig. 5 Comparison of ticket prices of Ocean Park and Disneyland. solution form Ocean Park and Disneyland website. Weakness Limitations on land development as its hilly. expression of geographic location is the main disfavor. This is payable to the fact that they have the limitation on the land development because the location is hilly. Facilities are relatively old and unattached.9 Although OP started the restitution works but it would not be completed in a slight time. The maintenance expense is higher. The fact that they is considered as an oldest amusement park in Hong Kong, there are different facilities that are old and un-attractive. Opportunity Individual Traveling Scheme The main opportunity of Ocean Park is establish the Individual Traveling scheme. That had helped to improve the number of the visitors. ( carry over 1. 3) The stable economy growth in Mainland also improving shopping centre class with strong purchasing tycoon helped to increase the demand of outbound travel.Mainland traveler becomes a main guest extraction of OP. Now they have Chinese active shows, which are relevant to the market th ey serve. Support of local government Ocean Park has a strong marketing rear from the government that recommends to the overseas visitors. It is also all-important(prenominal) to consider the development of new tape drive South Island Line that would cause dodge and fast access direct to the park for the visitors. Higher demand of entertainment from the public as economic growth stably. Threats controversy Disneyland In Hong Kong amusement park industry, one of the threats that must be considered is Disneyland.The main influences because they were bringing a world-class standard of entertainment and service that Ocean Park otiose to match at that time. Furthermore, it targets the children, thus the consentient family because of the different rides and attractions that focuses on different long-familiar Disney characters. On the other hand, the main disadvantage is that most of the mainland Chinese doesnt have those strong attachments with Mickey and friends and other Disney characters. These aspects are important for the guild because most of the visitors of the province come from mainland China.3. Conclusion As of now, Ocean Park is enjoying a comfortable position in the amusement industry. The main reason for the success of Ocean Park is because the support from the government that can be seen the utilise for easy access of the said place. With the launch of Individual Visit Scheme, mainland China becomes a main ascendant of Ocean Park. The Mainland market is driving Ocean Parks growth. Increasing GDP and low unemployment rate provide a stable economic environment to Ocean Park which able to sustain its development.For all the positive factors, it shows Ocean Park will grow swift than average. OP was able to use the culture in order to attract more locals and foreign visitors, as well as the rate of flow spread of the environmental awareness, which enables the organization to desegregate education and thrill in their features and services. Tha t is the reason why it is frequently visited by families from different part of the globe. Furthermore, the organization had been focuses on the cost and differentiation create as two important agonistical advantages. It had been offer an cheap ticket with fun experience.It is also important for the company to use its unique in advance(p) reform, competitiveness of enterprises and expanding the scope of business and achieved good results to against its competitor. This is due to the fact that Disneyland is currently into restoration process, in order to regain their competitive position in the market. Ocean Park has now entered the second phase of the refinement plan, the further enhance the competitive strength of the Ocean Park is expected to become a worlds trounce marine theme park. Reference 1. MTR South Island Line (East) see Information Summary.2013. MTR South Island Line (East) Key Information Summary. ONLINE uncommitted at http//www. mtr-southislandline. hk/en /key-information/summary. html. Accessed 14 whitethorn 2013. 2. Overview Census and Statistics Department. 2013. ONLINE visible(prenominal) at http//www. censtatd. gov. hk/hkstat/sub/so30. jsp. Accessed 18 may 2013. 3. Vision and bang Corporate Information Ocean Park Hong Kong. 2013.. Available at http//www. oceanpark. com. hk/html/en/footer/corporate-information/vision. html. Accessed 13 whitethorn 2013. 4. Hong Kong miserliness Hong Kong Economic Trends. 2013.ONLINE Available at http//www. hkeconomy. gov. hk/en/trends/index. htm2. Accessed 13 May 2013. 5. Press run Corporate Information Ocean Park Hong Kong. 2013 Available at http//www. oceanpark. com. hk/html/en/footer/corporate-information/press/press. php? id=592. Accessed 16 May 2013. 6. Gross Domestic Product for the quaternary quarter 2004 and the whole year of 2004 Census and Statistics Department. Available at http//www. censtatd. gov. hk/press_release/press_releases_on_statistics/gdp/gdp_4q2004/index. jsp. Acc essed 18 May 2013. 7. Labour Overview Census and Statistics Department.2013. ONLINE Available at http//www. censtatd. gov. hk/hkstat/sub/so30. jsp. Accessed 18 May 2013. 8. Ocean Park Corporation (2012), annual Report, Page 96 9. EMSD completes investigation into helium balloon ride incident at Ocean Park. 2013. EMSD completes investigation into helium balloon ride incident at Ocean Park. ONLINE Available at http//www. info. gov. hk/gia/ prevalent/201208/30/P201208300416. htm. Accessed 18 May 2013. Exhibit 1 Hong Kong tourism statistics Table 1. 1, An overview of the latest general tourism statistics. 2013 Visitor Arrivals (Year-to-date) 12,742,332.Major marketplace AreasMar 2012Mar 2013Growth (%) All Countries3,709,4844,087,286+10. 2 The Americas167,827165,247-1. 5 Europe, Africa & the marrow East219,777235,706+7. 2 Australia, New Zealand & South Pacific66,14568,459+3. 5 North Asia210,918183,919-12. 8 South & southeast Asia329,028351,684+6. 9 Taiwan154,942165,455+6. 8 Mainl and China2,497,0612,842,002+13. 8 Source from Hong Kong Tourism Board In 2011, Mainland China continued to be the largest visitor source market of Hong Kong with 28. 1 million arrivals (+23. 9%), accounting for 67. 0% of our total arrivals. Amongst all Mainland arrivals, 14.5 million (51. 6%) were same-day visitors, up by 31. 7% year-on-year. 65. 3% or 18. 3 million visitors came to Hong Kong under the Individual Visit Scheme (IVS), up by 28. 8% over 2010. Table 1. 2 Total Tourism intake Associated to incoming Tourism Tourism Expenditure fromJan-Dec2011 (HK$Mn)Jan-Dec2012 (HK$Mn)Growth (%) long Visitors166,694. 05185,841. 44+11. 5 Same-day In-town Visitors39,358. 0952,606. 33+33. 7 Cruise-in / Cruise-out Passengers 70. 8274. 935. 8 Total Tourism Expenditure Associated to Inbound Tourism258,722. 71296,563. 77+14. 6 Source from Hong Kong Tourism Board.Table 1. 3 Hong Kongs Top 5 tourist attraction (000) Leading Visitor Attractions2009201020112012 Total59,326. 261,438. 863,634. 165, 774. 9 other Visitor Attractions28,952. 529,286. 130,118. 030,789. 2 Victoria Peak9,150. 19,608. 89,990. 610,359. 5 Ocean Park4,985. 25,242. 85,472. 55,722. 4 Peak Tramways4,930. 95,434. 65,727. 16,051. 3 Disneyland4,664. 34,970. 25,218. 05,525. 1 Clock Tower2,178. 92,313. 72,399. 02,486. 3 Wong Tai Sin Temple1,989. 02,028. 72,080. 82,137. 7 Tian Tan Buddha1,544. 31,586. 21,629. 01,670. 7 Hong Kong Wetland Park456. 3470. 0477. 3486. 7 Noahs Ark474.6497. 7521. 8545. 9 Source from Travel and Tourism Euromonitor from cope sources/ depicted object statistics Table 1. 4 tourist Attractions gross revenue HK$ million200620072008200920102011 wile Galleries 15. 115. 415. 816. 116. 917. 5 Casinos Circuses Historic Buildings/Sites 202. 1205. 7209. 4215. 7221. 0225. 5 Museums 48. 352. 368. 052. 353. 354. 6 National position/Areas Of subjective ravisher 633. 0662. 5685. 7713. 1738. 0765. 3 Theatres Theme/ pleasure Parks 2,512. 02,007. 92,188. 63,434. 53,674. 93,940. 3 Zoos/Aquariums O ther tourist Attractions 296. 9325. 6332.1345. 4357. 5372. 8 Tourist Attractions 3,707. 43,269. 43,499. 64,777. 15,061. 75,376. 0 Source Euromonitor international from semiofficial statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources Table 1. 5 Tourist Attractions Visitors 000 people200620072008200920102011 Art Galleries 748. 8775. 8791. 3795. 3827. 1851. 9 Casinos Circuses Historic Buildings/Sites 5,573. 25,701. 45,786. 95,931. 66,139. 26,323. 3 Museums 4,600. 04,839. 26,049. 05,202. 15,176. 15,251. 7 National Parks/Areas Of Natural Beauty 17,832. 018,402. 618,954.719,618. 120,402. 821,263. 8 Theatres Theme/Amusement Parks 9,659. 29,141. 79,415. 09,516. 510,070. 810,684. 7 Zoos/Aquariums Other Tourist Attractions 15,783. 816,573. 016,854. 717,444. 617,968. 018,617. 2 Tourist Attractions 54,197. 055,433. 657,851. 658,508. 260,584. 062,992. 5 Source Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, co mpany research, trade interviews, trade source Table 1. 6 Forecast Tourist Attractions Sales HK$ million201120122013201420152016 Art Galleries 17. 518. 118. 619. 119. 519. 9 Casinos .Circuses Historic Buildings/Sites 225. 5229. 5233. 2236. 5239. 3241. 7 Museums 54. 655. 856. 857. 858. 759. 4 National Parks/Areas Of Natural Beauty 765. 3789. 8811. 9832. 2850. 5867. 5 Theatres Theme/Amusement Parks 3,940. 34,176. 74,385. 54,561. 04,697. 84,801. 1 Zoos/Aquariums Other Tourist Attractions 372. 8385. 9397. 5407. 4415. 6421. 8 Tourist Attractions 5,376. 05,655. 75,903. 56,113. 86,281. 36,411. 4 Source Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources Table 1.7 Ocean Park Revenue breakdown 2012 HK$ Million2011 HK$ Million Admission Income1,109. 4881. 6 intersection Income164. 0144. 9 Catering Income262. 3195. 5 Others32. 726. 7 TOTAL1598. 21,248. 7 Source Ocean Park Corporation (2012). Annual Report App endix 1 Background of? Ocean Park Ocean Park has long been launch as an iconic attraction in Hong Kong visited by both local residents and tourists. As a result the Park has become part of Hong Kongs heritage. The procure restoration Project of the Park, with its many new attractions, commenced in 2006 and was completed in 2012.With the implementation of current expansion programme, the Park has been remaining very popular, with visitor number increasing to 7 million in 2012. With the completion of the Master Redevelopment Plan in 2012 and the be after opening of a number of new world-class attractions from 2014, one day is not enough to experience all that the Park has to offer. The Ocean Hotel will thus provide convenient accommodations for guests spending multiple long time at Ocean Park, and transform Hong Kong Peoples Park into a premiere international resort destination.Vision Ocean Park aspires to be a world leader in providing excellent guest experiences in a theme pa rk environment connecting people with nature. Mission instruction Ocean Park provides all guests with unforgettable experiences that combine entertainment and education, while exalt life long learning and preservation advocacy. Our aim is to maintain a goodly financial status, while striving to retrovert the highest standards of safety, animal care, products and guest service Key services of Ocean ParkAnimals are the base of OP differential offeringhow they present them in their natural environments. They try to showcase the natural behavior of animals to enable people to see them in a way theyve not done before. The key is finding a balance between human entertainment and natural animal behavior. That makes us different from a lot of theme parks in the world. Target trade of Ocean Park Target customers of Ocean Park are general public. In different occasion, Ocean Park would narrow on specific targets. For example, in summer.